Asphaltic pavement and foundation for pavements



H. P. WILLIS.

ASPHALTIC PAVEMENT AND FOUNDATION FOR PAVEMENTS. APPLICATION FILED JULY 10. 19:5.

FIG. l.

80 to 90 Finely-divided filler 10 to 20 Mineral asphaltic binder to 1 "/3 Sulfate 01 copper 10 to 20 Mineral asphaltic binder 80 to 90 Finely-divided filler to 1 Sulfate of copper I I I Ordinary wearing cqurse I 10 to 20 Mineral asphaltic binder $4 to 1 Sulfate of copper so to 90 Finely-divided filler A TTORNEY.

, also to any pavements HARRY PARSONS WILLIS,

CONSTRUCTION COMPANY OF AMERICA, 0]! NEW MAINE.

PATENT OFFICE.

01 WATERFORD, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR. TO WILLITE ROAD YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF ASPHALTIC PAVEMENT AND FOUNDATION 'FOR PAVEMENTS.

I v Specification of Letters Patent. Original application filed December 7, 1914, Serial No. 875,767. Divided Patented Jan. 2o, 1920. and this application filed July 10,

1916. Serial No. 108,428.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HARRY PARSONS WIL- me a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Waterford, in the county of Saratoga and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Asphaltic Pavement and Foundation for Pavements, of which the following is a description, reference bein had to the accompanying drawing, which orms a art of this specification.

This invention re ates to pavements, especially those of asphaltic composition, but which are formed in layers, one or more of which comprise a foundation course.

y invention comprises an asphaltic pavement made of a plurality of courses, one of which is a foundationcourse which can be used as a foundation forany'kind of a pavement requiring a foundation, in place of the usual concrete foundation, whether the wearing course of the pavement be of bricks, asphalt, asphalt blocks, stone blocks, Wooden blocks, or any kind of blocks whatsoever. My invention also comprises using this foundation course with or without a wearing course of any of the above mentioned materials. Thus it may be understood that my invention comprises broadly a foundation course of a particular kind, a specific application being herein shown and described in the use of such a course in connection with an asphaltic' wearing surface.

In this specific app 1cation it will be noted that the composition of the foundation course andthe asphaltic wearing course is not precisely the same'but enough alike so that the use of the one in the place of the other would still be within the scope of. my invention, although not intended in actual practice, except under peculiar conditions.

This application is a divisional applica tion of my application filed December 7, 1914, and seria ly numbered 875767, allowed June 13, 1916,-and patented July 11, 1916,

My improved asphaltic pavement and foundation for pavements comprises a finelynecessarily to the divided filler composed of any sand, soil, or earthy matter of any kind. or mixture thereof, a mineral asphaltic binder and a salt havmg the temperin or hardening characteristics of sulfate 0 copper, such for instance as the sulfates or selenates of aluminium, chromium, manganese, iron, indium, gallium, and sulfates or selenids of sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, ammonium, silver, gold, platinum or thallium, when combined with the other ingredients'of the pavement, or foundation for pavements.

n important advantage of the invention is in the use of a filler which easily and cheaply obtained, as I contemplate the use of any soil of whatsoever na; ture found at the place where the pavement or foundation is to be made and used, or such earthy material, be it sand, disintegrated stone, clay, mixed clay, or similar material as may be obtainable at or nearthe place where the pavement or foundation is to be placed. In the case of an old road being converted into this new pavement the old road bed may form all or a part of the This filler is finely-divided toa degree such as to facilitate its incorporation, ab-

can be very sorption or coatingi with the binder, but not egree of pulverization. For the binder I use a mineral asphaltic material.

With the binder I mix a small percentage of a salt, such as sulfate of co per, or any of those above mentioned. T us sets the binder and toughens it so as to increase its tensile strength and elasticity, elongation and reduction of fracture. It is the use of this salt,which permeates the tic mixture, which makes it racticable to use the cheap filler. The w ole mass becomes a new chemical composition, having certain characteristics, in contradistinction to all pavements and foundations known to me, which prevent its softening and flow in hot ex osures, its cracking in cold e osures and e iminate its material absorption of water in moist exposures, and 111 the case of entire asphal- K a foundation for a pavement, the furnishing of a particular resiliency which distributes the load over a greater area, thus reducing the possibility of the pavement breaking through vertically from sheer force, which is not attainable with the usual rigid hard concrete foundation.

In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the composition and arrangement of an asphaltic pavement constructed according to my invention and comprising a foundation course and a wearing course.

Fig. 2 is a similar view comprising a foundation course construction according to my invention and an ordinary brick or bloc wearing course laid on such a foundation course.

This drawing is principally for convenience in graphically illustrating the composition enterin into the pavement and readily identifying t e invention, therefore details of construction are entirely omitted.

For the foundation or base of a pavement there is taken a mixture of approximately eighty to ninety er cent. of finely-divided soil filler, generally eighty-four to ninetytwo per cent. in actual practice, heated to about 350 F. To this is added from approximately ten to twenty per cent. of mineral asphaltic binder, generally eight to SIX- teen per cent. in actual practice, also heated to about 350 F., the percentage of the binder depending on the character of the filler and the quantity of the binder which the filler, heated to about the same degree, will absorb or hold as a coating. Temperatures as low as 240 have been used but it is advisable to use the higher temperature to allow for losses in working. The percentage of binder in the case of sand or sand with little or no admixture of clay, for instance, is about eleven per cent. Sulfate of copper or any of the above mentioned salts, from one-quarter of one per cent. to one per cent., approximately, is added to the binder during the heating of it.

Preferably the material for the filler is finely-broken 0r divided and heated in a mixing plant. This may be in a partial vacuum and it may be mixed in a partial vacuum with the binder which has been previously heated and mixed with the sulfate of copper or any of the above mentioned salts. By such process the binder permanently permeates or coats the filled thoroughly and to a degree far beyond that possible if the mixing were carried out at atmospheric pressure or without the mineral salts, and this thorough permanent permeatipn or coating permits the use of a larger proportion of the filler than would be possible otherwise. The

mixing of these materials in this manner .with the purpose of also insures that the product will be free from air and Voids or materially denser and more free from air and voids than would otherwise be the case, thus increasing the adhesion of the ingredients and the tensile strength, resiliency and toughness of the product, besides contributing to its impermeability.

For the wearing course of a pavement approximately the same materials, percentages and'method of mixing may be used, but a dilferent asphaltic material may be substituted to attain a different finish.

, Difierent degrees of smoothness and toughness and elasticity of either foundation or wearing course may be attained by varying the quantity of the filler material and the proportion of sulfate of copper or the other above named salts used.

The courses are laid and rolled in the usual manner.

I have found it advisable to apply the paving mixture to' the road bed at a temperature approximating 350 F., for, by so doing, in the case of a multi-layer or multicourse pavement, the several layers or courses will fuse and adhere each to the other, so firmly, that the structure becomes practically integral.

Though I have described with detail a specific pavement, composition and method embodying my invention, yet it is to be un derstood that the invention is not restricted to this particular pavement, percentage and method. Various modifications thereof and additions thereto by those skilled in the art, producing a variety of mechanical and ornamental finishes, through the addition of elements not affecting the chemical action of the elements of the pavement to which I lay claim, may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention.

There are several advantages associated with my invention among them being the use of a universally cheap filler to the extent of approximately ei hty-four to ninetytwo per cent. of the tota the use of a sand, earth or mixed filler which is almost always immediately at hand, and the consequent production of a pavement at a reatly reduced expense and of a character w ich closely ap. proximates perfection in lasting qualities and non-injury by temperature and climatic changes. Such a pavement does not run or creep in hot weather, crack or warp in freezing weather, nor absorb any material quantity of moisture (less than i of one per cent. by test), and ail'ords both an abundant su port for very heavy loads while still possessing the resiliency so desirable and necessary for animal traffic.

As a foundation for any pavement havtic of tempering the binder,

ing a wearing surface of other material it surpasses concrete in every particular, being water and frost proof while at the same time it is produced materially cheaper. It has been the custom for years to provide all characters of permanent pavements, with concrete foundations in order to secure them in lace both vertically and horizontally. T ere are instances Where granite block stone surfaces are essential on account of the very heavy hauling. In all such cases the resiliency of the present foundation and its weatherproofness obviate the disintegrating processes through which all of the concrete foundationspass to their eventual destruction thus producing the consequent irre larity and broken parts of the wearing sur aces of the granite block pavements, which are laid on concrete foundations.

In the claims hereto annexed I have specified sulfate of copper specifically but it is to be understood that in specifically stating sulfate 01: copper I have in mind all of its equivalents so that the claims are to be construed as referring to sulfate of copper or its equivalents when combined as therein set forth. Y

Having thus described my invention the following is what I claim as.new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

LA road pavement having compression and tensile values. relatively proportioned to provide characteristics of stability, resiliency and elasticity operative to resist deterioration of the foundation course of the 'avement in the presence of traffic load strains thereon b distributing such strains laterally of the irection of strain application, and by maintaining such characteristics in the presence of weather conditions, said pavement having a foundatlon course consisting of a filler includin finely divided; earthy material of any kin a mineral asphaltic binder and a mineral salt mixed with the binder and having the characterissaid filler binder and'tempering. agent being admixed in the presence of heat to produce a mixture of which the filler constitutes approximately 80% of the mass, the said mass when compasted producing a substantially VOIdIBSS omogeneous course havin the said characteristics of stability, resl iency and elasticity.

2. A road pavement comprising a foundation course consisting of a 'closel compacted divlded earthy filler material, a minera asphaltlc binder and a mineral saltha toughening or temperin roperties mix with the binder, the said 1 or material constituting not less than 80% of the mixture, and the amount of the tempering salt relative to the. other components of the mixture being so ropor tioned as to set and toughen the bin or and impart to said foundation course when compacted, the properties of resiliency, tenacity and stability, whereby traflic load strains will be laterally distributed over a substantial area, thus reducin the tendency of the foundation to break t rough vertically 'under such load strains.

3. A pavement com rising a plurality of courses, one of whic is the foundation course, and said courses each being com osed of a composition consisting of a fine y divided filler, a mineral asphaltic binder and a mineral salt having toughening dproperties ing properties, the earthy materia constitut not less than 80% of the mixture, the said mixture being compacted to form a foimdation course substantiall free from voids and characterized in t 's,that it has a peculiarresiliency which operates to distribute trafiic loads over a substantial area, thus reducing the tendenc of the foundation to break through vertically undersuch loads, and a wearing course over lying and fused to said foundation course, said wearing course consisting of a mixture of earthy material a mineral asphaltic binder and a metallic salt having toughen ing and temperin properties, the two courses being uni to form a substantially integral structure.

5. A road pavement, comprising a foundationcourse consisting of a mixture composed of a filler including finely divided .earth material of any kind, a mineral asphaltic binder and a toughening. or tempermg mineral salt, the filler constituting approximately 80% of the mixture, the said nuxture being spread and compacted directly upon mother earth to form-a foundation coursesubstantially free from voids and characterized in this,-that it is sturd yet sufiiciently resilient to distribute t c oads over a substantial area thus resisting the tendency of the foundation to dis integrate or break through vertically under such loads, and a wearing course overlying said foundation course.

6. A road pavement, embodying a foundation course laid on mother earth, consisting of a mixture composed of a filler including finely divided, but not dust-like, earthy mterial of any kind; a. mineral asphaltie' binder, and a mineral salt having tougheningor tempering properties, the said binder constituting not less than 8% or more than 5 17% of the total mixture, and the said mix ture bein compacted to form a foundation course s11 stantially free from oids and characterized in this,tha.t it is sturdy, yet sufliciently resilient to distribute tmfiic loads over a substantial area, thus resistin 10 the tendency of the foundation to brea through vertically or disintegrate under such loads. 4

HARRY PARSONS WILLIS. 

